Commission A: The commission promotes research and development in the field of measurement standards and physical constants, calibration and measurement methodologies, improved quantification of uncertainty, continued achievement of accuracy and traceability of measurements. Areas of emphasis are: development and refinement of new measurement techniques and calibration standards including techniques for antennas; primary standards including those based on quantum phenomena and the realization and dissemination of time scales and frequency standards; characterization of the electromagnetic properties of materials, physical constants, and the properties of engineered materials, including nanotechnology; methodology of space metrology, electromagnetic dosimetry, and measurements for health diagnostics, and biotechnology, including biosensing; measurements in advanced communication systems and other applications. The commission fosters accurate and consistent measurements needed to support research, development, and exploitation of electromagnetic technologies across the spectrum and for all commissions.

Commission B: The interest of Commission B is fields and waves, encompassing theory, analysis, computation, experiments, validation and applications. Areas of emphasis are: Time-domain and frequency-domain phenomena; Scattering and diffraction; General propagation including waves in specialised media; Guided waves; Antennas and radiation; Inverse scattering and imaging. The Commission fosters the creation, development, and refinement of analytical, numerical, and measurement techniques to understand these phenomena. It encourages innovation and seeks to apply interdisciplinary concepts and methods.

Commission C: The Commission promotes research and development in: Information Theory, Coding, Modulation and Detection; Spectrum and Medium Utilization, including cognitive and cooperative techniques; Wireless networking; Radar, radio localization and navigation systems; Green, energy-efficient radio communications. The design of effective radio-communication and signal processing systems also includes scientific, engineering, and economic considerations. This Commission emphasises the scientific aspects of radio communications, but also provides enabling technologies to other areas of radio science.

Commission D: The Commission promotes research and reviews new developments in: Electronic systems that push beyond current frontiers; Microwave, millimeter wave and THz devices, circuits and systems; Nanotechnologies and nanoelectronics; Combined and hybrid photonic and electronic systems; Photonic devices, systems, and their applications; Photonic signal processing schemes, regardless of frequency of signal processed; Optoelectronic systems, plasmonics, and electro-optics; Physics, theoretical modeling, and numerical simulation of all of the above. The Commission focuses on electronics and photonics devices, circuits and systems for the purpose of implementing either previously unattainable functionalities or for improving the performance of current electronic-only or photonic-only technologies.

Commission E: The Commission deals with the study, modelling and characterization of: electromagnetic noise of natural origin; man-made electromagnetic noise, both intentional and unintentional; complex electromagnetic systems and environment; by using measurement, deterministic, statistical, stochastic and machine learning techniques. Further, the Commission promotes research and development in: the effects of noise on system performance; electromagnetic eavesdropping and EM cybersecurity; hardware and software techniques for the suppression and mitigation of electromagnetic interference; the scientific basis, standardization and metrology of electromagnetic compatibility; the efficient use and management of radiofrequency spectrum.

Commission F: The Commission encourages: The study of all frequencies in a non-ionised environment : wave propagation through planetary, neutral atmospheres and surfaces; wave interaction with the planetary surfaces (including land, ocean and ice), and subsurfaces; characterisation of the environment as it affects wave phenomena; The application of the results of these studies, particularly in the areas of remote sensing and communications; The appropriate co-operation with other URSI Commissions and other relevant organisations.

Commission G: The Commission deals with the study of the ionosphere in order to provide the broad understanding necessary to support space and ground-based radio systems. Specifically, the Commission addresses the following areas: Global morphology and modelling of the ionosphere; Ionospheric space-time variations and the impacts of space weather on systems; Development of tools and networks needed to measure ionospheric properties and trends; Theory and practice of radio propagation in and through the ionosphere; Application of ionospheric information to radio systems. To achieve these objectives, the Commission co-operates with other URSI Commissions, corresponding bodies of the ISC family (IUGG, IAU, COSPAR, SCOSTEP, SCAR, etc.) and other organisations (ITU, IEEE, etc.).

Commission H: The goals of the Commission are: To study waves in plasmas in the broadest sense, and in particular: the generation (e.g. plasma instabilities), propagation, and detection of waves in plasmas, wave-wave and wave-particle interactions, plasma turbulence and chaos, spacecraft-plasma interaction, instabilities, heating, and diagnosis of laboratory plasmas; To encourage the application of these studies, particularly in the areas of solar/planetary plasma interactions, space weather, and an increased exploitation of space as a research laboratory.

Commission J: The activities of the Commission include: observation and interpretation of cosmic radio emissions from the early universe to the present epoch and radio reflections from solar system bodies. Emphasis is placed on: The promotion of science-driven techniques for making radio-astronomical observations and data analysis; Support of activities to protect radio-astronomical observations from harmful interference.

Commission K: The Commission is charged with promoting research and development in the following domains: Physical interaction of electromagnetic fields (from static to optical) with biological systems; Biological effects of electromagnetic fields; Mechanisms underlying the effects of electromagnetic fields; Exposure systems of experimental electromagnetic fields; Assessment of human exposure to electromagnetic fields; Medical applications of electromagnetic fields.

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